The discussion on refugees was surprisingly emotional, marked by mutual insults and arguments.
This is evidenced by a study conducted by CAT-UA (Communication Analysis Team – Ukraine) on behalf of Internews Ukraine as part of the project “Strengthening Truthfulness, Transparency, and Democracy to Counter Disinformation,” which is being implemented with the support of the Government of Canada.
This is a follow-up study of dividing lines, conducted to compare the results with those from 2022, when CAT-UA performed such research for the first time. The researchers selected eight of the most controversial topics of 2025 that differed from each other as much as possible and examined at least 350 of the most popular posts on these topics on social media—Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, Telegram, Vkontakte, TikTok, BlueSky, Threads, and VK.